Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs

Narongrat Maliwong; Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza; Bing Guo; Yong-Gang Liu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15

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Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs

Narongrat Maliwong, Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza, Bing Guo, Yong-Gang Liu

Published in International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 12 December 2021 Accepted: 22 December 2021 Published: 29 December 2021

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Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carbohydrases and phytase to compensate three key nutrients (NE, DAA and avP) for growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 112 pigs with average live weight 20.7 kg were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, fed on commercial multi-grain diets containing total NSPs 12-15% with added phytase (500 FTU/kg), to examine the effect of two types of carbohydrase enzymes (single xylanase or multi-carbohydrase complex) to compensate NE and DAA: T1, Positive Control (PC); T2, negative control (NC1, PC minus 2% NE and 3% DAA); T3, NC1+ Multi-carbohydrases; and T4, NC1 + Single xylanase. In Exp. 2, 72 pigs averaged 20.7 kg live weight were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: T5, Positive Control (PC, with added phytase); T6, NC2 negative control (PC minus 2.5% NE, 3.2% DAA, and 0.17 pcu avP, without added phytase); T7, NC2 + Multi-enzyme complex (carbohydrases + phytase). The pigs of both studies were reared for 3 phases: Grower 1 20-50 kg, Grower 2 50-75 kg, and Finisher (76-100 kg). The key performance parameters were measured and compared. The results of Epx. 1 showed, the pigs (PC) grew from 20 kg to 100 kg at average daily gain (ADG) close to 1 kg and FCR 2.30, and the reduction of nutrients (NC1) impaired growth rate mostly during the finishing phase (feed intake P=0.07, FCR P=0.09), and supplementation with both NSPase preparations tended to improve FCR over the NC1 with no differences observed between the two types of NSPase. In Exp. 2, the reduction of the three key nutrients clearly suppressed performance, namely lower weight gain (P<0.05) and higher FCR (P<0.05). The supplementation of multi-enzyme preparation partially restored performance with no significant differences from PC and NC2. In conclusion, for high performing pigs, carbohydrases can play a positive role in diets that already contain added phytase, and the contribution of the NSPase and phytase complex appear to be age related, and can be extrapolated as NE 40, 50 and 60 kcal/kg, respectively for Post-weaning, Grower and Finisher phases, and digestible amino acids 2-3% and avP 0.17% are for all phases. The enzyme supplementation showed no impact on feed intake.

Published in	International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15
Page(s)	115-122
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Carbohydrase, Phytase, Performance, Pig

References

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[2]	Cozannet P, T Dumont, M. Ceccantini, M. Jlali, A. Preynat. (2021) Combining multi-carbohydrolase and phytase improves performance of growing pigs in connection with nutritional levels, 53rd Swine Research Days.
[3]	Cozannet, P., P. G. Lawlor, P. G., P. Leterme, E. Devillard, P. A. Geraert, F. Rouffineau and A. (2018) Preynat. Reducing BW loss during lactation in sows: a meta-analysis on the use of a nonstarch polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzyme supplement. Journal of Animal Science, 96, 2777-2788.
[4]	Lærke, H. N., S. Arent, S. Dalsgaard and K. E. B. Knudsen. (2015) Effect of xylanases on ileal viscosity, intestinal fiber modification, and apparent ileal fiber and nutrient digestibility of rye and wheat in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science. 93, 4323-4335.
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[6]	Selle, P. H., V. Ravindran. (2008) Phytate-degrading enzymes in pig nutrition. Livestock Science, 113, 99–122.
[7]	Cowieson, A. J., M. R. Bedford. (2009) The effect of phytase and carbohydrase on ileal amino acid digestibility in monogastric diets: complimentary mode of action? World Poultry Science Journal, 65, 609-624.
[8]	Schramm, V. G., J. F. Durau, L. N. E. Barrilli, J. O. B. Sorbara, A. J. Cowieson, A. P. Feliz, A. Maiorka. (2017) Interaction between xylanase and phytase on the digestibility of corn and a corn/soy diet for broiler chickens. Poult. Science, 96, 1204-1211.
[9]	Poernama, F., T. A. Wibowo, and Y. G. Liu. (2021) The effect of feeding phytase alone or in combination with nonstarch polysaccharides-degrading enzymes on broiler performance, bone mineralization, and carcass traits. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 30, 100134.
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[11]	Torres-Pitarch, A., E. G. Manzanilla, G. E. Gardiner, J. V. O’Doherty, P. G. Lawlor. (2019) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of feed enzymes on growth and nutrient digestibility in grow-finisher pigs: Effect of enzyme type and cereal source. Animal Feed Science Technology, 251, 153-165.
[12]	Park, S., W. Li, B. St-Pierre, Q. Wang, T. A. Woyengo. (2020) Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbial composition of weaned pigs fed multi-enzyme supplemented diets. Journal of Animal Science, 98 (10), 1-10.
[13]	Huang Y. K, L. Zhao, H. Sun, X. M. Xu, J. Maamer, A. Preynat, L. H. Sun, D. S. Qi. (2021) A multicarbohydrase and phytase complex is able to compensate a nutrient-deficiency in growing-finishing pigs. Animals, 11 (4), 1129-1139.
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APA Style

Narongrat Maliwong, Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza, Bing Guo, Yong-Gang Liu. (2021). Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 5(4), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15

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ACS Style

Narongrat Maliwong; Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza; Bing Guo; Yong-Gang Liu. Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2021, 5(4), 115-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15

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AMA Style

Narongrat Maliwong, Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza, Bing Guo, Yong-Gang Liu. Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2021;5(4):115-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15,
  author = {Narongrat Maliwong and Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza and Bing Guo and Yong-Gang Liu},
  title = {Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {115-122},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20210504.15},
  abstract = {Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carbohydrases and phytase to compensate three key nutrients (NE, DAA and avP) for growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 112 pigs with average live weight 20.7 kg were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, fed on commercial multi-grain diets containing total NSPs 12-15% with added phytase (500 FTU/kg), to examine the effect of two types of carbohydrase enzymes (single xylanase or multi-carbohydrase complex) to compensate NE and DAA: T1, Positive Control (PC); T2, negative control (NC1, PC minus 2% NE and 3% DAA); T3, NC1+ Multi-carbohydrases; and T4, NC1 + Single xylanase. In Exp. 2, 72 pigs averaged 20.7 kg live weight were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: T5, Positive Control (PC, with added phytase); T6, NC2 negative control (PC minus 2.5% NE, 3.2% DAA, and 0.17 pcu avP, without added phytase); T7, NC2 + Multi-enzyme complex (carbohydrases + phytase). The pigs of both studies were reared for 3 phases: Grower 1 20-50 kg, Grower 2 50-75 kg, and Finisher (76-100 kg). The key performance parameters were measured and compared. The results of Epx. 1 showed, the pigs (PC) grew from 20 kg to 100 kg at average daily gain (ADG) close to 1 kg and FCR 2.30, and the reduction of nutrients (NC1) impaired growth rate mostly during the finishing phase (feed intake P=0.07, FCR P=0.09), and supplementation with both NSPase preparations tended to improve FCR over the NC1 with no differences observed between the two types of NSPase. In Exp. 2, the reduction of the three key nutrients clearly suppressed performance, namely lower weight gain (P<0.05) and higher FCR (P<0.05). The supplementation of multi-enzyme preparation partially restored performance with no significant differences from PC and NC2. In conclusion, for high performing pigs, carbohydrases can play a positive role in diets that already contain added phytase, and the contribution of the NSPase and phytase complex appear to be age related, and can be extrapolated as NE 40, 50 and 60 kcal/kg, respectively for Post-weaning, Grower and Finisher phases, and digestible amino acids 2-3% and avP 0.17% are for all phases. The enzyme supplementation showed no impact on feed intake.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs
AU  - Narongrat Maliwong
AU  - Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza
AU  - Bing Guo
AU  - Yong-Gang Liu
Y1  - 2021/12/29
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 115
EP  - 122
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carbohydrases and phytase to compensate three key nutrients (NE, DAA and avP) for growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 112 pigs with average live weight 20.7 kg were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, fed on commercial multi-grain diets containing total NSPs 12-15% with added phytase (500 FTU/kg), to examine the effect of two types of carbohydrase enzymes (single xylanase or multi-carbohydrase complex) to compensate NE and DAA: T1, Positive Control (PC); T2, negative control (NC1, PC minus 2% NE and 3% DAA); T3, NC1+ Multi-carbohydrases; and T4, NC1 + Single xylanase. In Exp. 2, 72 pigs averaged 20.7 kg live weight were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: T5, Positive Control (PC, with added phytase); T6, NC2 negative control (PC minus 2.5% NE, 3.2% DAA, and 0.17 pcu avP, without added phytase); T7, NC2 + Multi-enzyme complex (carbohydrases + phytase). The pigs of both studies were reared for 3 phases: Grower 1 20-50 kg, Grower 2 50-75 kg, and Finisher (76-100 kg). The key performance parameters were measured and compared. The results of Epx. 1 showed, the pigs (PC) grew from 20 kg to 100 kg at average daily gain (ADG) close to 1 kg and FCR 2.30, and the reduction of nutrients (NC1) impaired growth rate mostly during the finishing phase (feed intake P=0.07, FCR P=0.09), and supplementation with both NSPase preparations tended to improve FCR over the NC1 with no differences observed between the two types of NSPase. In Exp. 2, the reduction of the three key nutrients clearly suppressed performance, namely lower weight gain (P<0.05) and higher FCR (P<0.05). The supplementation of multi-enzyme preparation partially restored performance with no significant differences from PC and NC2. In conclusion, for high performing pigs, carbohydrases can play a positive role in diets that already contain added phytase, and the contribution of the NSPase and phytase complex appear to be age related, and can be extrapolated as NE 40, 50 and 60 kcal/kg, respectively for Post-weaning, Grower and Finisher phases, and digestible amino acids 2-3% and avP 0.17% are for all phases. The enzyme supplementation showed no impact on feed intake.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Narongrat Maliwong

Adisseo Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza

Adisseo Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, Singapore
Bing Guo

Adisseo Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, Singapore
Yong-Gang Liu

Adisseo Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, Singapore

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APA Style

Narongrat Maliwong, Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza, Bing Guo, Yong-Gang Liu. (2021). Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 5(4), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15

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ACS Style

Narongrat Maliwong; Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza; Bing Guo; Yong-Gang Liu. Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2021, 5(4), 115-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15

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AMA Style

Narongrat Maliwong, Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza, Bing Guo, Yong-Gang Liu. Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2021;5(4):115-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15,
  author = {Narongrat Maliwong and Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza and Bing Guo and Yong-Gang Liu},
  title = {Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {115-122},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20210504.15},
  abstract = {Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carbohydrases and phytase to compensate three key nutrients (NE, DAA and avP) for growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 112 pigs with average live weight 20.7 kg were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, fed on commercial multi-grain diets containing total NSPs 12-15% with added phytase (500 FTU/kg), to examine the effect of two types of carbohydrase enzymes (single xylanase or multi-carbohydrase complex) to compensate NE and DAA: T1, Positive Control (PC); T2, negative control (NC1, PC minus 2% NE and 3% DAA); T3, NC1+ Multi-carbohydrases; and T4, NC1 + Single xylanase. In Exp. 2, 72 pigs averaged 20.7 kg live weight were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: T5, Positive Control (PC, with added phytase); T6, NC2 negative control (PC minus 2.5% NE, 3.2% DAA, and 0.17 pcu avP, without added phytase); T7, NC2 + Multi-enzyme complex (carbohydrases + phytase). The pigs of both studies were reared for 3 phases: Grower 1 20-50 kg, Grower 2 50-75 kg, and Finisher (76-100 kg). The key performance parameters were measured and compared. The results of Epx. 1 showed, the pigs (PC) grew from 20 kg to 100 kg at average daily gain (ADG) close to 1 kg and FCR 2.30, and the reduction of nutrients (NC1) impaired growth rate mostly during the finishing phase (feed intake P=0.07, FCR P=0.09), and supplementation with both NSPase preparations tended to improve FCR over the NC1 with no differences observed between the two types of NSPase. In Exp. 2, the reduction of the three key nutrients clearly suppressed performance, namely lower weight gain (P<0.05) and higher FCR (P<0.05). The supplementation of multi-enzyme preparation partially restored performance with no significant differences from PC and NC2. In conclusion, for high performing pigs, carbohydrases can play a positive role in diets that already contain added phytase, and the contribution of the NSPase and phytase complex appear to be age related, and can be extrapolated as NE 40, 50 and 60 kcal/kg, respectively for Post-weaning, Grower and Finisher phases, and digestible amino acids 2-3% and avP 0.17% are for all phases. The enzyme supplementation showed no impact on feed intake.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs
AU  - Narongrat Maliwong
AU  - Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza
AU  - Bing Guo
AU  - Yong-Gang Liu
Y1  - 2021/12/29
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 115
EP  - 122
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210504.15
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carbohydrases and phytase to compensate three key nutrients (NE, DAA and avP) for growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 112 pigs with average live weight 20.7 kg were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, fed on commercial multi-grain diets containing total NSPs 12-15% with added phytase (500 FTU/kg), to examine the effect of two types of carbohydrase enzymes (single xylanase or multi-carbohydrase complex) to compensate NE and DAA: T1, Positive Control (PC); T2, negative control (NC1, PC minus 2% NE and 3% DAA); T3, NC1+ Multi-carbohydrases; and T4, NC1 + Single xylanase. In Exp. 2, 72 pigs averaged 20.7 kg live weight were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: T5, Positive Control (PC, with added phytase); T6, NC2 negative control (PC minus 2.5% NE, 3.2% DAA, and 0.17 pcu avP, without added phytase); T7, NC2 + Multi-enzyme complex (carbohydrases + phytase). The pigs of both studies were reared for 3 phases: Grower 1 20-50 kg, Grower 2 50-75 kg, and Finisher (76-100 kg). The key performance parameters were measured and compared. The results of Epx. 1 showed, the pigs (PC) grew from 20 kg to 100 kg at average daily gain (ADG) close to 1 kg and FCR 2.30, and the reduction of nutrients (NC1) impaired growth rate mostly during the finishing phase (feed intake P=0.07, FCR P=0.09), and supplementation with both NSPase preparations tended to improve FCR over the NC1 with no differences observed between the two types of NSPase. In Exp. 2, the reduction of the three key nutrients clearly suppressed performance, namely lower weight gain (P<0.05) and higher FCR (P<0.05). The supplementation of multi-enzyme preparation partially restored performance with no significant differences from PC and NC2. In conclusion, for high performing pigs, carbohydrases can play a positive role in diets that already contain added phytase, and the contribution of the NSPase and phytase complex appear to be age related, and can be extrapolated as NE 40, 50 and 60 kcal/kg, respectively for Post-weaning, Grower and Finisher phases, and digestible amino acids 2-3% and avP 0.17% are for all phases. The enzyme supplementation showed no impact on feed intake.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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