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Millet and Sorghum as Possible Dietary Energy Sources in the Diet of Japanese Quails
Maidala Aminu,
Lawan Adamu,
Amaza Bagudu Iliya,
Sudik Samuel David,
Dunya Maina Amos,
Adejumo Iseaac Oluseun,
Makinde Olayinka John,
Hanafi Yusuf,
Bomoi Abubakar Sule
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
87-92
Received:
13 February 2021
Accepted:
4 October 2021
Published:
19 October 2021
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of millet and sorghum as alternatives to maize. on performance and egg production parameters of quails. Three hundred (300) day old quails were sourced form National Veterinary Institute Jos. The birds were brooded for two weeks and randomly allotted to three (3) different energy sources i.e. maize, millet and sorghum designated as treatment 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The birds were fed with experimental diets for six months. Results showed daily feed intake (68.35-79.86), daily weight gain (3.41-3.43) and feed conversion ratio (3.33-3.91) were not affected by the different energy sources (P>0.05). Most of the carcass parameters were statistically similar (P>0.05). The hen day egg production (80.21-84.51) and egg production parameters were not affected by the alternative energy sources (P>0.05), similarly hematological parameters showed that packed cell volume (50.20-56.00), red blood cells (4.72-5.21) and hemoglobin (16.98-18.38) were statistically similar (P>0.05). The serum biochemical parameters showed that total protein (36.20-39.80), globulins (11.60-14.44), total protein (36.20-39.80), glucose (12.68-14.82), cholesterol (5.36-6.78), urea (17.80-20.00) and ASAT (1.98-2.08) were not affected by the different energy sources (P>0.05). I It can be concluded that millet and sorghum can be alternative energy sources in quail production in semi-arid environment of Gashua Yobe state with reduction in cost of production.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of millet and sorghum as alternatives to maize. on performance and egg production parameters of quails. Three hundred (300) day old quails were sourced form National Veterinary Institute Jos. The birds were brooded for two weeks and randomly allotted to three (3) different energy sources i.e. maize, ...
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Characterization of Agropastoralist Production Systems and the Potential for Improving Livestock Productivity with Improved Feeding in Western Burkina Faso
Michel Kere,
Vinsoun Millogo,
Alima Kone,
Nanda Joshi,
Robert Burdick,
Timothy Harrigan,
Ajit Srivastava,
Georges Anicet Ouedraogo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
93-104
Received:
1 October 2021
Accepted:
21 October 2021
Published:
29 October 2021
Abstract: The major constraint of livestock farming in Burkina Faso is the feed gap. This study aims to provide information on feed resources, availability, and uses in Bama's district. Feed Assessment Tool (FEAST) was used to evaluate feed resources and to generate possible interventions. Focus groups were held and took into account 140 farmers, of which 90 were recalled for individual surveys. We found that the Bama district was characterized by agropastoral production systems in which crop provides 65.1% of household income whereas 23.9% was from livestock. Livestock feeding throughout the year depended on natural grazing. Natural pastures contributed most often to dry matter, metabolizable energy, and crude protein in animals' total diet, respectively, with 65.4, 64.4, and 61.5%. In addition to grazing, crop residues were collected after harvest to form a dietary supplement for the animals. The study also revealed nutritional gaps, and farmers were purchasing concentrates to compensate and ensure the best livestock productivity. The dominant complement purchased was cotton cake at a rate of 623.1 kg/year/household. None of the agropastoralists grew fodder crops. Identified interventions able to improve productivity and production of animals were supplementations with: a high-energy supplement (molasses); protein byproducts; pruning products, aerial parts, and leaf-stripping without sacrificing grain/tuber yields; cereal byproducts (rice bran, corn, wheat); multi-nutritional blocks; and commercially balanced feed. Given the food shortage, especially in the dry season, better management of food resources through the collection and conservation of fodder and the adoption of forage crops could increase feed availability.
Abstract: The major constraint of livestock farming in Burkina Faso is the feed gap. This study aims to provide information on feed resources, availability, and uses in Bama's district. Feed Assessment Tool (FEAST) was used to evaluate feed resources and to generate possible interventions. Focus groups were held and took into account 140 farmers, of which 90...
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On Farm Evaluation and Demonstration of Rhodes Grass and Sylosanthus guanensis in Selected Districts of Sheka and Bench-Maji Zones, Southwest Ethiopia
Gezahegn Mengistu,
Ararsa Bogale,
Dereje Tulu,
Melkam Aleme
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
105-109
Received:
19 October 2021
Accepted:
8 November 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: The need to evaluate and identify the adaptability of these improved forage crops on station had been to identify the promising forage species to the particular agro-ecology. On farm evaluation and demonstration of Rhodes grass and Stylosanthus guanensis was carried out on 20 farmers’ fields in Yeki and Sheko districts of Sheka and Bench-Maji zones during 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was to evaluate and demonstrate Rhodes grass and stylosanthus gaunensis at farmers’ level and to assess farmers’ opinion. The forages were planted on 10×10 plot size on each farmer’s farm land. Dry matter yield, seed yield data and farmers perceptions were evaluated. The result indicated that there was variability in performance of the improved forage species between the districts and among the farmers within the districts. The dry matter yield and seed yield for Rhodes grass obtained range from 6-10t/ha and 190.3-315.4 kg/ha respectively. For Stylosanthus guanensis, the highest dry matter was obtained in sheko district (5.1t/ha) and the lowest mean dry matter yield recorded in yeki district (3.5t/ha). Similarly, highest seed yield (269.5 kg ha-1/year) was obtained in sheko district whereas the lowest seed yield (179.2 kg ha-1/year) was obtained in yeki district. Most of the farmers were select Rhodes grass than stylosanthus on majority of selection criteria. Further demonstration of improved forage crops allows farmers to improve their knowledge and understanding on cultivation and utilization of forages crops for their animals.
Abstract: The need to evaluate and identify the adaptability of these improved forage crops on station had been to identify the promising forage species to the particular agro-ecology. On farm evaluation and demonstration of Rhodes grass and Stylosanthus guanensis was carried out on 20 farmers’ fields in Yeki and Sheko districts of Sheka and Bench-Maji zones...
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Profiling of Haematological Indices in Relation to Body Score and Altitude Among Norwegian Goats in Morogoro, Tanzania
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
110-114
Received:
22 January 2021
Accepted:
14 April 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Blood samples were collected from 180 apparently healthy adult Norwegian goats each 90 Norwegian goats, from high altitude and low altitude in Morogoro urban and peri-urban to assess the influence of altitude on their hematological indices. The (RBC) Red blood cells, PCV (packed cell volume), WBC (White blood cells) and HB (Hemoglobin) concentration were determined. Analysis of hematological indices was done using Automated Hematological Analyzer (Msn4s). Data on age, weight, body score, health and nutritional status were recorded for each animal. Epi-info version7.1 was used to analyze data for means, standard deviation and percentages. T-test and Chi-square were used to compare similarities between the groups. Results were compared to normal ranges of the parameters. Most parameters were within normal ranges. However significant increase in white blood cell count and decrease in hemoglobin concentration was observed from blood collected from groups of Norwegian goats located at low altitudes. Whereas the value of RBC (Red blood cells), PCV (packed cell volume) and HB (Hemoglobin) concentration in blood samples from high altitude were significantly high compared to those found at low altitude. These results revealed that, the level of hematological parameters were significantly affected by nature of areas animal located, that is altitude, although other confounding factors such as age, diseases, stress, sex, body weight and climatic condition may result to variations on the blood indices.
Abstract: Blood samples were collected from 180 apparently healthy adult Norwegian goats each 90 Norwegian goats, from high altitude and low altitude in Morogoro urban and peri-urban to assess the influence of altitude on their hematological indices. The (RBC) Red blood cells, PCV (packed cell volume), WBC (White blood cells) and HB (Hemoglobin) concentratio...
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Carbohydrase and Phytase Can Compensate Net Energy, Digestible Amino Acids and Available Phosphorus for High-performing Pigs
Narongrat Maliwong,
Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira Souza,
Bing Guo,
Yong-Gang Liu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
115-122
Received:
12 December 2021
Accepted:
22 December 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carbohydrases and phytase to compensate three key nutrients (NE, DAA and avP) for growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 112 pigs with average live weight 20.7 kg were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, fed on commercial multi-grain diets containing total NSPs 12-15% with added phytase (500 FTU/kg), to examine the effect of two types of carbohydrase enzymes (single xylanase or multi-carbohydrase complex) to compensate NE and DAA: T1, Positive Control (PC); T2, negative control (NC1, PC minus 2% NE and 3% DAA); T3, NC1+ Multi-carbohydrases; and T4, NC1 + Single xylanase. In Exp. 2, 72 pigs averaged 20.7 kg live weight were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: T5, Positive Control (PC, with added phytase); T6, NC2 negative control (PC minus 2.5% NE, 3.2% DAA, and 0.17 pcu avP, without added phytase); T7, NC2 + Multi-enzyme complex (carbohydrases + phytase). The pigs of both studies were reared for 3 phases: Grower 1 20-50 kg, Grower 2 50-75 kg, and Finisher (76-100 kg). The key performance parameters were measured and compared. The results of Epx. 1 showed, the pigs (PC) grew from 20 kg to 100 kg at average daily gain (ADG) close to 1 kg and FCR 2.30, and the reduction of nutrients (NC1) impaired growth rate mostly during the finishing phase (feed intake P=0.07, FCR P=0.09), and supplementation with both NSPase preparations tended to improve FCR over the NC1 with no differences observed between the two types of NSPase. In Exp. 2, the reduction of the three key nutrients clearly suppressed performance, namely lower weight gain (P<0.05) and higher FCR (P<0.05). The supplementation of multi-enzyme preparation partially restored performance with no significant differences from PC and NC2. In conclusion, for high performing pigs, carbohydrases can play a positive role in diets that already contain added phytase, and the contribution of the NSPase and phytase complex appear to be age related, and can be extrapolated as NE 40, 50 and 60 kcal/kg, respectively for Post-weaning, Grower and Finisher phases, and digestible amino acids 2-3% and avP 0.17% are for all phases. The enzyme supplementation showed no impact on feed intake.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of carbohydrases and phytase to compensate three key nutrients (NE, DAA and avP) for growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 112 pigs with average live weight 20.7 kg were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments, fed on commercial multi-grain diets containing total NSPs 12-15% with added phytase...
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