Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs

Graciano Soares Gomes; Carlito de Araújo Mali Code; Armando Bau Mau Afonso; Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11

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Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs

Graciano Soares Gomes, Carlito de Araújo Mali Code, Armando Bau Mau Afonso, Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes

Published in International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 23 December 2021 Accepted: 17 January 2022 Published: 5 February 2022

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Abstract

The study aims to verify the effect of using agricultural by-products fermented with Moringa-based probiotics in the diet to improve the productive performance and economic value of the swine diet. The study was carried out in the Laboratory area of the Faculdade de Agricultura Hera, in the municipality of Dili from August 12 to October 16, 2021. The Experimental Method with Latin Square Design was used, consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications. The variables observed are the productive performance and the economic value of the diet. The treatments applied composed of: T0 (as control), T1, T2, T3, and T4 use fermented by-products with different levels in the diet formulation. The study results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. The means comparison test revealed that T3 was the best treatment compared to the other treatments. The pigs that received T3 were able to improve intake by about 1238.40g per day with a feed conversion of 2.55 and consumption efficiency of 44.78%. It increases shoulder height by 0.35 cm per day and average daily weight by 510g, in addition to providing high yields in the sale of pork. On the other hand, there were no real differences in the variables as initial and final body weight, breast circumference, hip height, animal length and body length of pig’s.

Published in	International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

By-products, Probiotics, Fermentation, Diet, Economic Value

References

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[2]	Bidura, I GUST. NYM. GDE & Gomes, G. S. 2019. Nutritional Management of Pork. Needs and Deficiency of Food Substances. Published by: Swasta Nulus. Denpasar Bali, Indonesia. 1st edition. ISSN: 978-603-5742-60-6. (In Indonesian)
[3]	Costa, P., da Costa, J. R., &... (2020). No poverty: contributions of Embrapa. In … de Informação da … (Issue July). https://www.alice.cnptis.embraba. br/handle/doc/1122498.
[4]	Gomes, G. S., Bidura, I GUST. NYM. GDE, Budaarsa, K. & Partama, I. B. G. (2019). Supplementation of Moringa oleifera Leaf Flour in Diet to Increase Growth Performance and Reduce Cholesterol Content in Meat of on East Timor Local Pigs. Journal of Biological and Chemical Research (An International of Life Science and Chemistry) ISSN: 2319-3077 (Online/Electronics). Indexing. India.
[5]	Gomes, G. S. & Mali Code, C. A. (2020a). Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Flour in Diets to increase the production performance of Local Pig of Timor-Leste. International journal of Fauna and Biological Studies. Vol 7 (3), 76–79. ISSN: 2347-2677.
[6]	Gomes G. S. & Mali Code C. A. (2020b). Characterization Production Systems and Productivity Indices of Local Pigs of East Timor. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology A 10 (2020) 147-150 doi: 10.17265/21616256/2020.03.005.
[7]	Hernandes, F., Madrid, J., Garcia, V., Orengo, J., & Mengias M. D. (2004). Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performances, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poultry Science, 83, 169-174.
[8]	Ministério das Finanças. (2015). Direcção Geral da Estatística. Timor-Leste Population and Housing Census. Population distribution by Administrative area. Volume 2 (Population and Household distibution).
[9]	Ministério da Agricultura e Pescas - MAP. (2019). Timor-Leste Agriculture Censsus, 2019. National Report on Final Census Results.
[10]	Pérez, A., Sánchez, T., Armengol, N., & Reyes, F. (2010). Características y potencialidades de Moringa oleifera, Lamark: Una alternativa para la alimentación animal Characteristics and potential of Moringa oleifera, Lamark: An alternative for animal feeding. Pastos y Forrajes, 33 (4), 1–16.
[11]	Portes, J. V., Lacerda, V. V. de, Neto, J. B., & Souza, Â. R. L. de. (2019). Analysis.
[12]	of the costs of the swine production chain in southern Brazil. Costs and Agribusiness, 15 (July), 18–41. (In Portuguese)
[13]	Sampurna I P & Nindhia T S. (2008). Data Analysis with SPSS in Experimental Design. Udayana Press Publisher. ISBN: 978-979-8286-40-7. Issue I. May 2008. (In Indonesian)
[14]	Talamini, T. J. D., Martins, F. M., Arboit, C., & Wolozsyn, N. (2006). Costs aggregates from the integrated production of pigs in the piglet and finishing stages. Cost and Agribusiness, 2, 64–83. www.custos e agribusiness online.com.br. (In Portuguese)
[15]	Teteh, A., E. Lawson., K. Tona., E. Decuypere., & M. Gbeassor. (2013). Moringa oleifera leaves: Hydro-alcoholic extracts dan effect ton growth performance of Broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 12 (7) 401-405.
[16]	Wahab, A. F. A., O., M. Sobhy, H., M. M. Badr, A., & A. Ghazalah, A. (2020). Effect of Moringa oleifera seeds powder on performance and immunity of broiler chicks. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 5 (4), 896–910. https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2020.4.896.
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Graciano Soares Gomes, Carlito de Araújo Mali Code, Armando Bau Mau Afonso, Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes. (2022). Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 6(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11

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ACS Style

Graciano Soares Gomes; Carlito de Araújo Mali Code; Armando Bau Mau Afonso; Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes. Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2022, 6(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11

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AMA Style

Graciano Soares Gomes, Carlito de Araújo Mali Code, Armando Bau Mau Afonso, Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes. Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2022;6(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11,
  author = {Graciano Soares Gomes and Carlito de Araújo Mali Code and Armando Bau Mau Afonso and Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes},
  title = {Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20220601.11},
  abstract = {The study aims to verify the effect of using agricultural by-products fermented with Moringa-based probiotics in the diet to improve the productive performance and economic value of the swine diet. The study was carried out in the Laboratory area of the Faculdade de Agricultura Hera, in the municipality of Dili from August 12 to October 16, 2021. The Experimental Method with Latin Square Design was used, consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications. The variables observed are the productive performance and the economic value of the diet. The treatments applied composed of: T0 (as control), T1, T2, T3, and T4 use fermented by-products with different levels in the diet formulation. The study results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. The means comparison test revealed that T3 was the best treatment compared to the other treatments. The pigs that received T3 were able to improve intake by about 1238.40g per day with a feed conversion of 2.55 and consumption efficiency of 44.78%. It increases shoulder height by 0.35 cm per day and average daily weight by 510g, in addition to providing high yields in the sale of pork. On the other hand, there were no real differences in the variables as initial and final body weight, breast circumference, hip height, animal length and body length of pig’s.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs
AU  - Graciano Soares Gomes
AU  - Carlito de Araújo Mali Code
AU  - Armando Bau Mau Afonso
AU  - Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes
Y1  - 2022/02/05
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11
AB  - The study aims to verify the effect of using agricultural by-products fermented with Moringa-based probiotics in the diet to improve the productive performance and economic value of the swine diet. The study was carried out in the Laboratory area of the Faculdade de Agricultura Hera, in the municipality of Dili from August 12 to October 16, 2021. The Experimental Method with Latin Square Design was used, consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications. The variables observed are the productive performance and the economic value of the diet. The treatments applied composed of: T0 (as control), T1, T2, T3, and T4 use fermented by-products with different levels in the diet formulation. The study results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. The means comparison test revealed that T3 was the best treatment compared to the other treatments. The pigs that received T3 were able to improve intake by about 1238.40g per day with a feed conversion of 2.55 and consumption efficiency of 44.78%. It increases shoulder height by 0.35 cm per day and average daily weight by 510g, in addition to providing high yields in the sale of pork. On the other hand, there were no real differences in the variables as initial and final body weight, breast circumference, hip height, animal length and body length of pig’s.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Graciano Soares Gomes

Department of Animal Science, East Timor National University - UNTL, Dili, Timor-Leste
Carlito de Araújo Mali Code

Department of Animal Science, East Timor National University - UNTL, Dili, Timor-Leste
Armando Bau Mau Afonso

Department of Animal Science, East Timor National University - UNTL, Dili, Timor-Leste
Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes

East Timor National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT-TL, Dili, Timor-Leste

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Graciano Soares Gomes, Carlito de Araújo Mali Code, Armando Bau Mau Afonso, Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes. (2022). Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 6(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11

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ACS Style

Graciano Soares Gomes; Carlito de Araújo Mali Code; Armando Bau Mau Afonso; Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes. Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2022, 6(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11

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AMA Style

Graciano Soares Gomes, Carlito de Araújo Mali Code, Armando Bau Mau Afonso, Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes. Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2022;6(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11,
  author = {Graciano Soares Gomes and Carlito de Araújo Mali Code and Armando Bau Mau Afonso and Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes},
  title = {Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20220601.11},
  abstract = {The study aims to verify the effect of using agricultural by-products fermented with Moringa-based probiotics in the diet to improve the productive performance and economic value of the swine diet. The study was carried out in the Laboratory area of the Faculdade de Agricultura Hera, in the municipality of Dili from August 12 to October 16, 2021. The Experimental Method with Latin Square Design was used, consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications. The variables observed are the productive performance and the economic value of the diet. The treatments applied composed of: T0 (as control), T1, T2, T3, and T4 use fermented by-products with different levels in the diet formulation. The study results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. The means comparison test revealed that T3 was the best treatment compared to the other treatments. The pigs that received T3 were able to improve intake by about 1238.40g per day with a feed conversion of 2.55 and consumption efficiency of 44.78%. It increases shoulder height by 0.35 cm per day and average daily weight by 510g, in addition to providing high yields in the sale of pork. On the other hand, there were no real differences in the variables as initial and final body weight, breast circumference, hip height, animal length and body length of pig’s.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Using Rice Bran and Tofu Dregs Fermented with Moringa-based Probiotics in the Diet to Improve the Productive Performance of Male Pigs
AU  - Graciano Soares Gomes
AU  - Carlito de Araújo Mali Code
AU  - Armando Bau Mau Afonso
AU  - Domingos Caeresi Bendito Beremau Gomes
Y1  - 2022/02/05
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20220601.11
AB  - The study aims to verify the effect of using agricultural by-products fermented with Moringa-based probiotics in the diet to improve the productive performance and economic value of the swine diet. The study was carried out in the Laboratory area of the Faculdade de Agricultura Hera, in the municipality of Dili from August 12 to October 16, 2021. The Experimental Method with Latin Square Design was used, consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications. The variables observed are the productive performance and the economic value of the diet. The treatments applied composed of: T0 (as control), T1, T2, T3, and T4 use fermented by-products with different levels in the diet formulation. The study results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. The means comparison test revealed that T3 was the best treatment compared to the other treatments. The pigs that received T3 were able to improve intake by about 1238.40g per day with a feed conversion of 2.55 and consumption efficiency of 44.78%. It increases shoulder height by 0.35 cm per day and average daily weight by 510g, in addition to providing high yields in the sale of pork. On the other hand, there were no real differences in the variables as initial and final body weight, breast circumference, hip height, animal length and body length of pig’s.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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